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Highlights
29 October 2024
Writer Francis Ian Aquitania Chua
“Historically, the Thai language is primarily rooted in the Tai-Kadai language family, with some adaptations over time, especially in basic vocabulary used for common or general concepts. Some Thai words were influenced by the Khmer language, and others were borrowed from languages such as Pali and Sanskrit,” according to Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat Thepchuaysuk, Director of the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language (CTFL), Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University.
Learning Thai can open a whole new experience for foreigners living or traveling in Thailand. It goes beyond simply grasping the language; it’s about immersing oneself in the culture, forging friendships, and effortlessly navigating daily life.
Whether you’re ordering street food, bargaining at a market, or simply chatting with locals, having even a basic grasp of Thai can go a long way. It not only shows respect for the culture but also makes your experience in the country much richer and more enjoyable
In actuality, an increasing number of foreigners are becoming fascinated with the Thai language because of its distinctive script, significant cultural significance, and desire to interact more closely with the locals.
“Historically, the Thai language is primarily rooted in the Tai-Kadai language family, with some adaptations over time, especially in basic vocabulary used for common or general concepts. Some Thai words were influenced by the Khmer language, and others were borrowed from languages such as Pali and Sanskrit,” according to Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat Thepchuaysuk, Director of the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language (CTFL), Chulalongkorn University.
Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat highlighted several reasons why learning the Thai language can be challenging. The key difficulties lie in the Thai script and its pronunciation. For foreigners, the tones, numerous consonants, and vowels, which differ from those in their native languages, make pronunciation particularly challenging. Additionally, a learner’s mother tongue plays a significant role. For instance, Westerners often struggle with the tonal system, while some Asians tend to find it easier. Statistics from his Thai language students support this observation.
“As a beginner, the most important aspect of learning Thai is the communicative process, including understanding basic concepts, sounds, and responses. In this case, speaking and listening are the language areas that should be prioritized. Focusing on communication skills, such as copying or imitating Thai speakers, is an effective way to learn the language more quickly,” Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat Thepchuaysuk explained.
“When you start learning Thai, it’s fine if you can’t write or read; as long as you can speak and understand what others say, you are communicating. At Chula, the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language from the Faculty of Arts offers an intensive Thai course. In Level 1, we focus solely on communication through speaking and listening, and other skills are introduced from the next levels. We also provide a course called Communicative Thai for Beginners, which teaches only speaking and listening without requiring knowledge of reading and writing Thai.
This course is recommended for foreigners and tourists who come to Thailand for a visit, travel and only want to communicate with Thai people; they don’t want to go deeper into academics; some consider this a hobby or a way to navigate their day-to-day life in Thailand.
From a linguistic perspective, Thai grammar is often considered simpler compared to English. Thai does not use tenses or subject-verb agreement. For example, in Thai, the word “kin,” which means “to eat,” can be used for the past, present, or future tenses. The challenge in Thai, however, lies in understanding the context because the Thai language relies heavily on context to convey meaning. It’s not the grammar but the context that is important. Regarding basic word order, English and Thai are similar. For example:
I like cats.chán chɔ̂ɔp maewฉันชอบแมว
Moreover, he also mentioned other aspects of the Thai language that English does not have, such as certain word classes like classifiers. Classifiers help “classify” a noun based on specific characteristics and are used to specify what you are talking about, allowing the listener to better understand. For example, when referring to a person, the classifier “คน (khon)” is used; when referring to an animal, the classifier “ตัว (tua)” is applied. For objects, a variety of classifiers are used according to the object’s characteristics, such as its shape or function. The use of classifiers can also indicate how we are referring to the object, such as whether we are talking about it as a piece or in a group. For example,
ขอช้อนหนึ่งคันได้ไหมครับkhɔ̌ɔ chɔ́ɔn nʉ̀ŋ khan dâai mái khrápMay I have a spoon?ขอช้อนส้อมหนึ่งคู่ได้ไหมครับkhɔ̌ɔ chɔ́ɔn sɔ̂m nʉ̀ŋ khûu dâai mái khrápMay I have a pair of spoon and fork?
Whereas “khan” is the classifier for a spoon or a fork, “khûu” is used in the second sentence to refer to a spoon and fork as a pair.
Lastly, he pointed out “word omission.” Thai people often speak in shorter sentences and tend to drop some words when they talk to each other.
For instance, the question “ไปไหน (pai nǎi),” which is often used by Thai people to ask “Where are you going?” can be misleading and difficult for foreigners to understand. If they look up the meaning of each word in the dictionary, “ไป (pai)” means “to go,” and “ไหน (nǎi)” literally means “which.” In fact, it is a shortened version of the phrase “ที่ไหน (thîi nǎi),” which means “which place?”
These differences in context make it difficult for foreigners to learn Thai in terms of grammar.
Ex. อยู่ที่ไหนyùu thîi nǎiWhere are you?whereas “nǎi” means where.
On the other hand, Thai writing is more challenging. As Thai characters were adapted from the Old Khmer script and still are in use today, the written form of Thai is completely different from the scripts of languages that many foreigners are familiar with. Additionally, Thai vocabulary is also influenced by Pali and Sanskrit, especially in religious, academic, and formal contexts. That makes it more difficult for foreigners when learning how to write in Thai.
For example, there are four consonants that produce the “s” sound in the Thai writing system; one is used as a low-sounding consonant, while the other three are used as high-sounding consonants. This means that when writing a specific word in the Thai, you must use a specific character, and writing another word requires a different character. It boils down to what he calls “specific usage.”
Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat suggested four ways and strategies in memorizing Thai vocabulary.
There are more opportunities and chances if you know how to read and write Thai script. For instance, if you only know how to speak and to listen, you may able to communicate in daily conversation but if you are looking for a job, since most of the companies in Thailand don’t offer translations in terms of documents and meetings, it would be difficult.
He explained that there are two groups of learners: those who only want to focus on speaking and listening for a short stay, such as tourists or travelers in Thailand, and those who aim to learn reading and writing for a longer stay or for permanent residency in the Kingdom and want to absorb more Thai culture or environment.
At Chula, the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language from the Faculty of Arts also offers a Reading and Writing course for students who are already able to communicate and wish to focus solely on developing their reading and writing skills.
Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat mentioned that, even the dialects in Thailand are classified into four main groups: Central, Northern, Southern, and Northeastern (Esarn), some dialects are“mutually intelligible”, meaning that, despite differences in tones, people can understand one another because they share the same words and there is a mutual understanding in the process of communication.
In this context, Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat suggested that the Thai dialect that foreigners should learn is the Central dialect as people from other regions can understand it, making it a unifying dialect.
Thai cultural norms deeply influence how language is used and learned in Thailand, with an emphasis on respect, hierarchy, and politeness. These unspoken rules shape both verbal and non-verbal communication, affecting how people use different pronouns to address one another, choose various levels of formality to express opinions, and use different final particles to convey politeness or intimacy.
According to Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat, in Thai society, for instance, respect for elders and authority figures is paramount, which translates into the use of honorifics and polite speech. Understanding these cultural aspects is key to effective language learning in Thailand, as it guides the way learners’ approach both formal and informal communication.
In Chula, the CTFL Program or the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language by the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University offers “Intensive Thai Program” which is considered very popular among foreigners which currently offer 9 levels of Thai language instruction. The learning process is categorized into three distinct stages: from Beginner (1-2-3), to Intermediate (4-5-6), and Advanced (7-8-9), both online and onsite classes wherein each level takes 2 months or 6 weeks of learning then a 2-week break. Exams are conducted along the course and at the end of the course. The Intensive Thai course meets 5 days a week for three hours each day. For the Intensive Thai Program, a pre-test is given before the enrollment to determine the level of the participant.
If you’re abroad or in another province, you can enroll on our online course. If you simply want to experience the atmosphere and community at Chulalongkorn University, you can enroll on our on-site course at the university. In the Intensive Thai program, in addition to gaining sufficient proficiency in the Thai language, the students will also learn Thai background and basic culture.
The CTFL also collaborates with the Learning Innovation Center of Chulalongkorn University and offers a Chula MOOC program called Communicative Thai for Foreigners. It’s a video module. With a pretest and posttest given to check students’ progress and what they have learned and gives certificate when the course is finished. The course is translated into 9 languages with the help of the teachers under the Faculty of Arts.
Chula MOOC is a free online learning platform designed for the general public. The courses are easily accessible from anywhere and anytime at the user’s convenience. After the course is successfully completed, students will be awarded a Certificate of Completion from Chulalongkorn University. For more information about these short courses, you may visit: Chula MOOC and Chula MOOC Flexi.
When engaging in Thai conversations, learners frequently face several challenges that can impede their communication and comprehension. Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat shared some of these:
Each word conveys a different degree of intensity or context. Using the appropriate word is vital for accurately expressing feelings and intentions in Thai conversations.
According to Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat Thepchuaysuk, there is no “best time” or fixed timeframe for learning Thai; it largely depends on various factors such as your prior language experience, the amount of time you dedicate daily, and your desired level of fluency. At Chulalongkorn University, after completing the Intensive Thai course at Level 3, students can already communicate with locals in basic conversations. By Level 6, which requires 600 hours of speaking, listening, reading, and writing practice, students become more confident in using Thai as they explore complex topics such as culture, society, and everyday matters.He emphasizes that “every time is the best time” for learning, as progress can happen whenever you are dedicated and consistent. He also provided some general guidelines to give an idea of the learning process compared to the Intensive Thai program at Chulalongkorn University:
Learning can be at their own pace but just do remember the most important factors are consistency, engaging in regular conversations, and immersing yourself in the culture.
At Chulalongkorn University, the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language (CTFL) under the Faculty of Arts offers foreigners the opportunity to study and learn the Thai language with an educational visa. Please note that CTFL provides documentation for obtaining an Educational Visa (ED Visa) only to those enrolled in the Intensive Thai On-site Course.
For those interested, you may refer to this information:
CTFL will issue a letter of admission for an ED visa application to applicants within 7 business days. CTFL cannot issue any other letter or document apart from the letter of admission.
Applicants can submit application documents and pay at the CTFL on the 8th floor of Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Building, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University.
Applicants should present the following documents to CTFL staff for a letter of admission issuance.
At least 7 business days is required for letter of admission processing. The applicants should contact CTFL in advance. CTFL cannot issue any other letter or document apart from the letter of admission.
Applicants can use the letter of admission as a supporting document for an ED Visa application only at the Changwattana Bangkok Immigration Office (map). Applicants with a tourist visa or a visa on arrival have to apply for a change of visa status 15 days prior to the expiration date.
Studying Thai in Thailand can be an enriching experience, offering full immersion in the language and culture. The cost of studying Thai in Thailand varies depending on factors such as the type of course, the institution, location, and the length of study. Tuition fees can range from a few thousand baht for short-term classes to tens of thousands for more intensive programs. At Chula, the Center for Thai as a Foreign Language (CTFL) program offers an exceptional opportunity to learn Thai at an affordable cost. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to refine your language skills, CTFL provides top-tier instruction that fits any budget. You may choose at these programs:
CTFL will acknowledge your application by email within 3 working days and reserves the right to change course schedules and postpone or cancel classes due to insufficient number of applicants.
Intensive Thai – On-site Course (Price: 29,500 THB/Course)
Intensive Thai – Online Course(Price: 23,000 THB/Course with e-book)(Price: 23,500 THB/Course (with paper-book delivery)
Price: 9,500 THB per course (with e-book)Price: 10,000 THB per course (with paper-book delivery)
The program emphasizes essential listening and speaking skills for everyday communication and offers a more flexible evening schedule for applicants who are unavailable during weekday mornings and afternoons.
Weekday evening classes are available on Mondays and Wednesdays or Tuesdays and Thursdays from 18:00 to 20:00. The course lasts for 40 hours over 3 months of instruction and assessment. If the chosen schedule cannot be accommodated, you will have the option to switch days or request a refund.
Price: 42,000 THB per module(Get 4.75% discount when applying for the 2nd module and 5% discount when applying for the 3rd module)
Price: 7,500 THB/level (includes books)
The Reading and Writing Thai program is designed for individuals who can speak Thai but are unable to write it, or those who want to improve their writing skills. The course is initially divided into three levels: 1,2, and 3. Classes are held every Saturday from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM with a duration of 30 hours per level.
Many of the instructors are alumni of the Faculty of Arts at Chulalongkorn University, with strong expertise in both the Thai language and linguistics and bring extensive experience in teaching Thai as a foreign language. We offer three beginner-level courses. Upon completion, applicants will gain mastery of basic listening and speaking skills required in everyday communication as well as an understanding of Thai culture.
Learning Thai, like any language, can present challenges, but maintaining motivation is key to overcoming these hurdles. Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat suggested some motivational tips to help you keep the momentum in your language-learning journey:
Learning Thai, like many languages, can be approached in a sequence, though the exact order may vary depending on individual preferences and learning styles. Here’s a general sequence you might follow, along with explanations for each component:
While the sequence of learning Thai generally starts with listening and speaking, followed by reading and writing, it can be beneficial to integrate all four skills throughout your learning process. Each skill reinforces the others and practicing them together can enhance overall fluency.
According to Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat, there are several reasons why foreigners are interested in learning Thai:
Overall, learning Thai provides both practical benefits and deeper cultural insights for those interested in Thailand.
Having easy access to the Thai language offers numerous benefits, including simplifying daily life, entertainment, and media consumption in Thailand. It can be crucial for career opportunities or establishing a source of income, as well as for academic pursuits, where a deeper understanding of Thai is essential for research and education. Moreover, gaining fluency in Thai allows for a richer, more profound appreciation of Thai culture, surpassing the level of those with only basic language knowledge.
A great way to begin how to learn Thai is by focusing on the basics and slowly building up your skills. Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat offers an easy-to-follow guide to help you start your language journey.
Introducing the new Master’s degree program in Thai as a Foreign Language (TFL) for foreign nationals. It’s your time learn Thai in a Thai university.
The CTFL has launched the Master’s degree program in Thai as a Foreign Language (TFL) for foreign nationals, marking the first program of its kind in Thailand. Starting in the second semester of 2024, the program is specifically designed for non-native Thai speakers who wish to achieve advanced proficiency in the Thai language. It is aimed at individuals from around the world who are passionate about learning Thai and immersing themselves in both the language and culture of Thailand.
The program’s main objective is to equip graduates with a deep understanding of the Thai language and culture. Graduates will not only be able to communicate fluently in Thai but will also gain the knowledge needed to share and promote Thai culture on an international level. Whether their focus is on academic research, translation, business, teaching Thai, or working with NGOs, the program aims to produce well-rounded professionals who can apply their Thai language skills in a variety of fields.
The program is open to non-Thai nationals who are eager to enhance their Thai language abilities. Applicants must not have Thai as their mother tongue and are required to have a bachelor’s degree in any field. Additionally, intermediate-level proficiency in the Thai language is required, as the program is designed for those who already have a strong foundation and are ready to advance their skills.
This Master’s program offers a unique opportunity for students to develop advanced Thai language skills while studying at Chulalongkorn University. It is ideal for individuals seeking to enhance their careers in areas where knowledge of Thai is essential. With a strong emphasis on both language proficiency and cultural understanding, graduates will be well-prepared for international roles in fields such as academia, business, and beyond.
Assistant Professor Dr. Kiat said that he is excited to see how this program will shape the future of its students and contribute to the global understanding of Thai culture.
Learning Thai is such an exciting journey. It gives you a chance to dive into a rich culture, connect with friendly locals, and make the most of your travels in Thailand. While the unique script and tones might seem tricky at first, with a bit of practice and immersion, you’ll find yourself gaining confidence and enjoying the process. Plus, mastering Thai lets you appreciate the beautiful traditions and values of Thai life even more. Whether you’re learning for travel, work, or just for fun, picking up Thai is definitely an adventure worth taking!
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Chula’s encouragement and support for research is excellent for teachers, students, and the public. Associate Professor Dr. Suchana Chavanich Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
Chula’s encouragement and support for research is excellent for teachers, students, and the public.
Associate Professor Dr. Suchana Chavanich Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
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